{"id":2144,"date":"2022-11-19T10:03:57","date_gmt":"2022-11-19T10:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pr-lakhloufi.com\/?p=2144"},"modified":"2022-11-19T12:20:33","modified_gmt":"2022-11-19T12:20:33","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pr-lakhloufi.com\/en\/2022\/11\/19\/%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0\u062e\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u00bb (rift axial ( \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (failles normales) \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u00bb\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u00bb (\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u00a0(baisse brutale de pression)\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (Asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re)\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (Fusion partielle) \u00a0\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a (P\u00e9ridotites)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 ( magma basique) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u00a0 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629roches basaltiques) \u00a0( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648 (gabbro).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u00a0(Basalte) \u00a0\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 (refroidissement brutal) \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 (magma basique) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0642\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631). \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a (P\u00e9ridotite) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 (Manteau terrestre) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (fusion) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a\u061f\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (chute brutal de la pression) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (Temp\u00e9rature constante)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (fusion partielle adiabatique).\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 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\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\"\"
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les fl\u00e8ches rouges qui mat\u00e9rialisent les courants de convection mantellique induisent l’apprenti (\u00e9l\u00e8ve, \u00e9tudiant, enseignant non sp\u00e9cialiste) en erreur. Il ne s’agit pas d’un liquide qui bouillonne, mais d’un mat\u00e9riel tr\u00e8s visqueux qui se d\u00e9place \u00e0 l’ordre du centim\u00e8tre (quelques \u00e0 plusieurs centim\u00e8tres) par an.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ci-dessus, il s’agit d’une <\/strong>enclave de p\u00e9ridotite (roche mantellique) dans une roche basique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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